Douglas couldn’t see anything, the snow was falling so fast, and there was no light.
The smuggler was long gone; and though Douglas yelled and yelled, no one came. The 21-year-old and a dozen other migrants already had been wandering in the desolate desert landscape around Big Bend, Texas, for two days when the snowstorm began.
When he heard cries for help off in the distance, Douglas left the others and set off in the dark to try and find a man who’d become separated from the group. He came upon the older man and put his arm over his shoulder, dragging him through the snow until he finally stumbled on a road and couldn’t go any further, he said.
Douglas had left Guatemala a week and a half earlier, fleeing threats from gangs and hoping desperately to join his father in California, who he hadn’t seen for more than five years, when he got caught in the historic winter storm that devastated Texas last week.
He’d never seen snow before.
“I wanted to die,” he said, asking that only his first name be used for protection.
Then, out of the blackness, he heard officials telling him: “‘Open your eyes, open your eyes.’”
When he finally could open them, he was in a hospital bed in El Paso, some 300 miles from where he was found unconscious. What he saw were his frostbitten hands: swollen to the size of baseball gloves, fingers lumpy and gray, oozing, raw skin seemingly ready to fall off in chunks.
Healthcare workers at the University Medical Center of El Paso told Douglas’ lawyer and his uncle Joel, who’d traveled from San Francisco, that his hands probably need to be amputated.
But border agents, stationed at his hospital room while he is in their custody, said Douglas would be sent back to Guatemala when he was discharged — as soon as Friday. A Trump-era policy effectively closed the U.S.-Mexico border to asylum seekers almost a year ago, purportedly to help stem the spread of COVID-19. President Biden has kept the controversial policy, known as Title 42, in place.
The president and First Lady Jill Biden traveled Friday to Texas as the state grapples with the damage of the storm, which killed nearly 80 people there — including at least four migrants, according to Border Patrol — though it may take months to determine the final death toll.
“‘There is no asylum anymore,’” Douglas said the Border Patrol agents stationed at his room told him.
The White House referred The Times to Customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol’s parent agency, and the Homeland Security Department, neither of which responded to requests for comment. University Medical Center did not immediately respond.
Under Title 42, border officials have rapidly expelled hundreds of thousands of migrants, including asylum seekers and unaccompanied children, without due process. Officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the Trump administration pushed the order for political reasons, and that it did little to stem the spread of COVID-19.
At the border, the Biden administration has restarted asylum processing for the first of some 70,000 forced back to Mexico under President Trump’s “Remain in Mexico” policy. The new program was initiated last week at San Ysidro for the roughly 26,000 who still have active cases in U.S. immigration courts; on Friday, it was expanded to El Paso. And in Washington, the administration has been lobbying for a comprehensive immigration reform bill that would offer a path to citizenship to some 14 million immigrants already in the United States as of Jan. 1.
But officials argue that Title 42 remains necessary and will stay in place, in part to discourage a surge in migrants at the U.S. southern border amid the pandemic.
Still, each day hundreds of migrants like Douglas, mostly families from Central America, are crossing the river and being allowed into Texas and sent onward to their families to await court hearings — to the exasperation of tens of thousands of others at the border who in some cases have waited years to enter the United States the “right way,” and been left stranded in Biden’s first month.
Biden officials urge patience, saying that the more than 1,000 actions Trump took to restrict immigration cannot be undone quickly. But the situation is urgent for Douglas, who says he fears both losing his hands and being sent back to Guatemala to be killed. Yet it’s not the first time the U.S. government has trapped him in policy limbo.
A June 6, 2017, letter from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’ Refugee Affairs Division, reviewed by The Times, informs his father and stepmother in California that Douglas was approved for the Obama-era Central American Minors program, and would be scheduled for an interview.
The program begun by President Obama enabled endangered Central American minors to apply to join parents in the United States. And in one of Trump’s first moves in office, he suddenly axed the program, stranding more than 2,700 children approved and in processing, according to one Biden official — including Douglas.
“Donald Trump took the presidency and there was no more contact,” Douglas said from his hospital bed. He decided to come himself. “I couldn’t be in Guatemala anymore.”
Earlier this month, Biden issued an executive order to restore the program, though there’s no signs of it yet. Almost four years later, it is too late for Douglas.
At the same time as Biden officials have instructed immigration enforcement agencies that border crossers should be regarded as “security threats,” they say they are not violating U.S. law that grants migrants the right to seek asylum however they enter, whether at ports of entry or between them.
“Individuals can still claim asylum,” one Homeland Security official said on a media call, speaking on condition of anonymity without providing a reason.
Lawyers who sued the Trump administration over Title 42 have said it violates a range of U.S. laws.
“There’s no question that the Title 42 policy is unlawful,” Lee Gelernt, of the American Civil Liberties Union, whose suit now faces the Biden administration, told The Times.
Critics say the Biden administration’s delay and the confusion it has created at the border and beyond have resulted in cruelly arbitrary consequences for migrants such as Douglas, with border officials who themselves have differing understandings of — and training on — the latest policy shifts seeming to apply them differently from one often life-or-death decision to the next.
Linda Corchado, Douglas’ lawyer and director of legal services at Las Américas Immigrant Advocacy Center in El Paso, said a deputy chief counsel for CBP told her late Thursday that they’d agreed to release him to join his father after being discharged from the hospital.
But as of Friday, his uncle Joel said agents still were telling him he could not take his nephew, who would be removed from the country. Joel asked to use only his first name to protect against retaliation because he does not have legal status.
“I told them we wanted to take him back to California and see if we could save his fingers.… They told me he had a deportation order and no right to anything,” Joel said. “I asked them to act with a little humanity.”
Corchado, who is representing several clients hospitalized after crossing during the storm, as well as others quickly expelled by Border Patrol despite serious injuries falling from the border barrier, said, “CBP is being inconsistent with how they’re treating these cases.”
For some, she said, “They’ll just say, ‘OK, you’re expelled,’ with little way for me to intervene or know what’s going on.”
Of the group of migrants caught in the blizzard last week — Douglas said there were 14 men and two women of varying ages — he still does not know who survived, including the man he tried to save.
When he crossed the border, he was not wearing winter clothes and had no gloves — the coyote had given them no warning about the coming weather. Douglas has “deep” frostbite in both of his hands, ears, and one foot, according to hospital records obtained by The Times.
“21-year-old male who was found after being in the snow for 15 hours,” states one report, dated Feb. 15, the day Douglas arrived. “He was with multiple other people who passed away from frostbite.”
A day later, a “progress report” states, “Ortho consult in AM anticipating need for eventual amputation.”
Border Patrol agents rescued more than 200 people during the storm, and at least four died before they were found, according to a Monday news release from Border Patrol’s Big Bend sector, where Douglas was picked up.
“It’s unfortunate so many people place their lives in the hands of unscrupulous smugglers, which often results in a tragic situation like this,” Big Bend Sector Chief Patrol Agent Sean McGoffin said in the release.
CBP did not respond to requests for comment about how many of the hundreds rescued in the storm were released into the United States, or expelled.
Agents have told The Times that a combination of new sections of 30-foot barrier constructed under Trump and Title 42 is pushing migrants to cross in more remote and dangerous areas, as well as to repeat attempts.
From October through February, Border Patrol has conducted nearly 3,000 search and rescue operations — on pace to more than double the number of such operations last fiscal year, and far exceed 2019, which saw the highest levels of migration to the border than seen in decades.
Corchado is also representing an Indigenous couple from Guatemala who were caught in the winter weather and brought to the same hospital, having nearly died from hypothermia. Their home was destroyed in recent hurricanes that slammed the Northern Triangle.
In the hospital, the husband kept describing over and over how his wife told him she couldn’t feel her heartbeat anymore, instructing him on how she wanted their kids to be raised, Corchado said.
At first, CBP officials indicated they could be expelled under Title 42 once discharged. But late Thursday, without notice to Corchado, the hospital released them. While still in Border Patrol custody, a CBP supervisor said they won’t be expelled and their asylum claims will be considered, according to communications shared with The Times.
On a call last week with advocates and lawyers, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas grew frustrated when asked about other cases in which border authorities expelled injured migrants under Title 42 despite some being unable to walk after falling off the wall, according to Corchado, who was on the call.
“He was just appalled that people are jumping the wall,” Corchado said. “The point is with Title 42, that’s what happens … people are getting more and more desperate.”
Douglas’ mother and grandmother didn’t want him to make the dangerous journey north, but they didn’t want him killed either, he said. The family paid a smuggler $2,000, and around Feb. 13, Douglas crossed the Rio Grande from Chihuahua, Mexico.
Joel said he didn’t know his nephew was making the journey until he was told that authorities were searching for him.
“I would have advised him not to do it, for everything I lived through when I came here,” he said.
Douglas’ father, who does not have legal status in the United States, feared coming to the Texas hospital where border authorities held his son in custody, so Joel, who says he has a state ID issued by California and permission to work, came instead. Joel said Border Patrol prevented him from seeing his nephew for days, only allowing him into the hospital room late Wednesday night. He said both of them cried.
“It was the helplessness of already no longer being able to do anything for him, and lamenting that his trip and all that he had spent for it was in vain,” he said.
Joel has to return to San Francisco late Friday, having only been given a week off work from managing a hotel. He says he still does not know what will happen when Douglas is discharged.
“My only thought was to see my dad — it’s the only thing that I want,” Douglas said. “I can’t go back to Guatemala. They’ll kill me if I come back again.”
